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+// -------- LIBRARIES --------
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+#include <Wire.h>
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+#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
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+#include <WiFi.h>
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+#include <PubSubClient.h>
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+#include <DHT.h>
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+#include <SFE_BMP180.h>
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+// -------- PIN DEFINITIONS --------
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+#define DHTPIN 4
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+#define DHTTYPE DHT11
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+#define LDR_PIN 35 // input only pin (good choice)
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+#define RAIN_PIN 34 // analog pin
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+#define LED_PIN 2
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+// -------- OBJECTS --------
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+LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);
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+DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
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+SFE_BMP180 bmp;
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+WiFiClient espClient;
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+PubSubClient client(espClient);
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+// -------- WIFI & MQTT CREDENTIALS --------
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+const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
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+const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";
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+const char* mqtt_server = "YOUR_MQTT_BROKER";
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+const int mqtt_port = 1883;
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+const char* mqtt_topic = "weather/station";
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+// -------- VARIABLES --------
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+double T, P;
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+unsigned long lastSensorRead = 0;
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+const long sensorInterval = 2000; // Read sensors every 2 seconds
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+unsigned long lastMQTTSend = 0;
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+const long mqttInterval = 30000; // Send data every 30 seconds
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+
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+struct WeatherData {
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+ float temperature;
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+ float humidity;
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+ float pressure;
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+ int rainLevel;
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+ bool lightDetected;
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+ bool valid;
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+};
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+
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+WeatherData currentData;
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+// -------- FUNCTIONS --------
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+// DHT SENSOR
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+void readDHT() {
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+ float h = dht.readHumidity();
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+ float t = dht.readTemperature();
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+ if (isnan(h) || isnan(t)) {
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+ Serial.println("DHT Error!");
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+ currentData.valid = false;
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+ return;
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+ }
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+ currentData.temperature = t;
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+ currentData.humidity = h;
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+}
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+// RAIN SENSOR
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+void readRain() {
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+ int value = analogRead(RAIN_PIN);
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+ value = map(value, 0, 4095, 0, 100);
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+ value = 100 - value;
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+ currentData.rainLevel = value;
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+}
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+// PRESSURE SENSOR
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+void readPressure() {
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+ if (bmp.startTemperature()) {
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+ delay(100);
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+ if (bmp.getTemperature(T)) {
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+ if (bmp.startPressure(3)) {
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+ delay(100);
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+ if (bmp.getPressure(P, T)) {
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+ currentData.pressure = P;
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+ }
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+ }
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+ }
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+ } else {
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+ Serial.println("BMP180 Error");
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+ currentData.valid = false;
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+ }
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+}
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+// LDR SENSOR
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+void readLDR() {
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+ int value = digitalRead(LDR_PIN);
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+ currentData.lightDetected = (value == HIGH);
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+ digitalWrite(LED_PIN, currentData.lightDetected ? HIGH : LOW);
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+}
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+// READ ALL SENSORS
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+void readSensors() {
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+ currentData.valid = true;
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+ readDHT();
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+ readRain();
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+ readPressure();
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+ readLDR();
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+
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+ if (currentData.valid) {
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+ Serial.print("Temp: ");
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+ Serial.print(currentData.temperature);
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+ Serial.print("°C, Humidity: ");
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+ Serial.print(currentData.humidity);
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+ Serial.print("%, Rain: ");
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+ Serial.print(currentData.rainLevel);
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+ Serial.print("%, Pressure: ");
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+ Serial.print(currentData.pressure);
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+ Serial.print(" hPa, Light: ");
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+ Serial.println(currentData.lightDetected ? "YES" : "NO");
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+ }
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+}
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+// UPDATE LCD DISPLAY
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+void updateDisplay() {
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+ if (!currentData.valid) {
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("Sensor Error! ");
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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+ lcd.print("Check wiring ");
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+ return;
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+ }
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+
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+ // Display temperature and humidity on first line
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("T:");
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+ lcd.print(currentData.temperature, 1);
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+ lcd.print("C H:");
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+ lcd.print(currentData.humidity, 0);
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+ lcd.print("%");
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+
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+ // Display rain and pressure on second line
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
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+ lcd.print("R:");
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+ lcd.print(currentData.rainLevel);
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+ lcd.print("% P:");
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+ lcd.print(currentData.pressure, 0);
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+ lcd.print(" ");
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+}
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+// SETUP WIFI
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+void setupWiFi() {
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+ Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("WiFi connecting");
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+
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+ WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
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+
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+ int attempts = 0;
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+ while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && attempts < 20) {
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+ delay(500);
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+ Serial.print(".");
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+ attempts++;
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+ }
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+
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+ if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
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+ Serial.println("\nWiFi connected");
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+ Serial.println("IP address: ");
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+ Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("WiFi connected ");
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+ } else {
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+ Serial.println("Failed to connect to WiFi");
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("WiFi failed! ");
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+ }
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+
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+ delay(2000);
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+}
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+// RECONNECT MQTT
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+void reconnectMQTT() {
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+ while (!client.connected()) {
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+ Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
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+
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+ String clientId = "ESP32WeatherStation-";
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+ clientId += String(random(0xffff), HEX);
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+
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+ if (client.connect(clientId.c_str())) {
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+ Serial.println("connected");
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+ } else {
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+ Serial.print("failed, rc=");
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+ Serial.print(client.state());
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+ Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
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+ delay(5000);
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+ }
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+ }
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+}
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+// SEND MQTT DATA
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+void sendMQTTData() {
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+ if (!currentData.valid || !client.connected()) {
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+ return;
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+ }
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+
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+ String payload = "{";
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+ payload += "\"temperature\":" + String(currentData.temperature, 2) + ",";
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+ payload += "\"humidity\":" + String(currentData.humidity, 2) + ",";
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+ payload += "\"pressure\":" + String(currentData.pressure, 2) + ",";
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+ payload += "\"rainLevel\":" + String(currentData.rainLevel) + ",";
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+ payload += "\"lightDetected\":" + String(currentData.lightDetected ? "true" : "false");
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+ payload += "}";
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+
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+ if (client.publish(mqtt_topic, payload.c_str())) {
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+ Serial.println("MQTT data sent successfully");
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+ } else {
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+ Serial.println("Failed to send MQTT data");
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+ }
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+}
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+// -------- SETUP --------
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+void setup() {
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+ Serial.begin(115200);
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+
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+ // Initialize pins
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+ pinMode(LDR_PIN, INPUT);
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+ pinMode(RAIN_PIN, INPUT);
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+ pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
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+ digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
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+
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+ // Initialize I2C and sensors
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+ Wire.begin(21, 22); // SDA, SCL
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+ lcd.init();
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+ lcd.backlight();
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+ dht.begin();
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+
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+ if (!bmp.begin()) {
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+ Serial.println("BMP180 not detected!");
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+ }
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+
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+ // Initialize WiFi
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+ setupWiFi();
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+
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+ // Initialize MQTT
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+ client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port);
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+
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+ // Initial sensor reading
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+ readSensors();
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+ updateDisplay();
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+
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+ lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
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+ lcd.print("System Ready");
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+ delay(2000);
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+ lcd.clear();
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+}
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+// -------- LOOP --------
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+void loop() {
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+ unsigned long currentMillis = millis();
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+
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+ // Reconnect MQTT if needed
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+ if (!client.connected()) {
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+ reconnectMQTT();
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+ }
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+ client.loop();
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+
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+ // Read sensors at regular interval
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+ if (currentMillis - lastSensorRead >= sensorInterval) {
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+ lastSensorRead = currentMillis;
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+ readSensors();
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+ updateDisplay();
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+ }
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+
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+ // Send MQTT data at regular interval
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+ if (currentMillis - lastMQTTSend >= mqttInterval) {
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+ lastMQTTSend = currentMillis;
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+ sendMQTTData();
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+ }
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+
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+ delay(100);
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+}
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